Anne of Cleves

Dates: born September 22, 1515 (?), died July 16, 1557Married Henry VIII of England on January 6, 1540, divorced (annulled) July 9, 1540 Known for: safely divorcing from Henry and surviving Also known as: Anna von JÃ ¼lich-Kleve-Berg Ancestry: Like each of the wives of Henry VIII, as well as Henry himself, Anne could claim descent from Englands King Edward I. Father: John III the Peaceful, Duke of Cleves (died 1538) (he was a descendent of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy)Mother: Maria of JÃ ¼lich-BergBrother: William the Rich, Duke of JÃ ¼lich-Cleves-BergSister: Sybille, married to John Frederick, Elector of Saxony, Champion of the Reformation Anne was, as a young child, unofficially betrothed to Francis, heir to the Duke of Lorraine. About Anne of Cleves Jane Seymour, Henry VIIIs beloved third wife, had died. France and the Holy Roman Empire were forging an alliance. Though Jane Seymour had given birth to a son, Henry knew that he needed more sons to ensure the succession. His attention turned towards a small German state, Cleves, which might prove a solid Protestant ally. Henry sent his court painter Hans Holbein to paint the portraits of the princesses Anne and Amelia. Henry selected Anne as his next wife. Soon after the wedding, if not before, Henry was looking once again for a divorce. He was attracted to Catherine Howard, the political basis for the match was no longer as strong a motivation since France and the Holy Roman Empire were no longer allies, and he found Anne both uncultured and unattractive -- he is said to have called her Mare of Flanders. Anne, fully aware of Henrys marital history, cooperated in an annulment, and retired from court with the title Kings Sister. Henry gave her Hever Castle, where he had wooed Anne Boleyn, as her home. Her position and fortune made her a powerful independent woman, though there was little opportunity to exercise such power in any public sphere. Anne befriended Henrys children, riding in the coronation of Mary with Elizabeth. Bibliography: Anne of Cleves: Fourth Wife of Henry VIII, Mary Saaler, 1995. This book covers Annes years after her divorce, as one of the most powerful and wealthy women in the world.The Marrying of Anne of Cleves : Royal Protocol in Early Modern England, Retha Warnike. 2000.The Six Wives of Henry VIII, by Alison Weir, 1993.The Wives of Henry VIII, Antonia Fraser, 1993.Letters of the Queens of England 1100-1547, Anne Crawford, editor, 1997. Includes Anne of Cleves.Holbein and the Court of Henry VIII: Drawings and Miniatures from the Royal Library Windsor Castle, Reto Niggl and Jane Roberts, 1997. Religion: Protestant (Lutheran)

Small Business - 962 Words

HRM case study Beachside Hotel Human Capital Dilemma Questions: 1. What system should Brian implement in order to start changing the human capital practices in the Beachside Hotel? After studying the case, the general manager of Beachside Hotel Mr. Brian should implement certain systems in the hotel. As the situation is quite complicated, first of all he have to try to analyze what the problem is. Because there is no problem with the account and finance department. According to my case analysis there is problem with the human resource department. And I think there is mistake done by the Hotel. Ms. Mary who cannot even handle serving guests at the front desk is promoted to human resource department. And she has been working there since†¦show more content†¦Hotel is a place where the staffs or the employees have to face many customers and visitors. So, politeness, good behavior are the key words in these kinds of organization. But in the Beachside hotel it’s different. Bad behavior with the customers and employees as well, delay in the works e.t.c prevails in the hotel. So, Mr. Brian should learn something from Mr. Joe, the general manager of sunr ise hotel, that is, the area around the hotel especially tourist areas are very important so they should be preserved well. And employees in the organization are assets to the organization. So, he needs to encourage and develop the capabilities of his staffs. For this he should provide development programs designed to give everyone information, that will help them do their job better and stick to the organization for their own security and benefits. So, there should be certain plans, policies, rules and regulations in the organization to maintain smooth operation. To encourage the able employees and threat the incapable employees according to the situation. As Mr. Joe does in his hotel. And general manager needs to be flexible as Joe is. He should be dynamic and friendly to all and a team player. 3. How could training and development programs be implemented in the Beachside Hotel in order to help with turnover and occupancy rates at the hotel? In this case study training and development program is very essential in theShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of A Small Business2005 Words   |  9 PagesI. Executive Summary In order to finance future expansion or get past a temporary business slow down (particularly in seasonal business) it is necessary to raise working capital and that involves determining which method of financing is best; debt or equity. II. Business Challenge One of the main challenges businesses face when trying to grow is how to raise the necessary working capital to achieve the necessary growth, whether for additional employees, inventory or plant expansion, technologyRead MoreEntrepreneurs And Small Business Owners1893 Words   |  8 Pagesand small business owners within academia, and how they can be defined and differentiated. 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Statistical Methods and Data Analysis †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Statistical Methods and Data Analysis. Answer: Introduction This section of the paper concentrates on the construction of a report that looks to define the process of data analysis and one of type of data analysis known as data mining. This section explains the process of data analysis and data mining and then discuses about the role of data mining in a contemporary organization (Aggarwal Reddy 2013). The paper even discuses about the recognition and explanation of ethical implications that requires to take place in order to gather, store and utilize the customer information for the process of data analysis. The process of data analysis is a vital tool for the development of an organization with respect to the information that are collected from the customers. Data analysis technique and software are severely used for the classification of the information that are obtained by the companies and thereby identifying the proclivities regarding the consumers and establish a sense of bonding. Gandomi Haider (2015) describes data mining as a type of data analysis technique that looks to discover the information that was hidden from the previous information by analysing the huge database. This process is undertaken in order to exploit the hidden data in an appropriate manner and thereby enhance the knowledge of the contemporary firm. Data mining is found to be the primary step for the revealing of the methods and gathering the information. The combination of data mining with the extraction of the data tries to enhance the understanding that web data or web-mining is the actual process of data mining and this process is along with the other processes are helpful in automatically discover and the obtain the data from the documents and the online services (Lin et al., 2013). This explanation of data mining is the most appropriate one for the concerned paper. Data mining functions by abiding by the ethical codes and the code of conducts and therefore limits the entry of any fr audulent activities thereby safeguarding the confidential information of the consumers. The safeguarding of the information maintains harmony within the society. The main objective of data mining other than extracting the information is protection of the information and the authoritarian standards that are established so that with the help of these standards, the firm can perform their practices as they are confident that the data that they are making use of safe from being stolen. Therefore it can be seen that with the implementation of data mining, the data collected are safe as the main function of data mining involves protection of the data. Role of Data Mining The initiation of the use of the online and web services leads to the extensive use of the customer information as the information that are given out by the consumers are collected by the companies and are stored and recorded as the these information can be used by the firms for future use and to have knowledge about the consumers in an efficient way. The use of data mining is helpful for the companies to understand the future trends that the consumers may have. The customers have knowledge that the information they provide to the organizations will be utilized by them and they have no issues with the utilization of the information unless the information are used for wrong purposes (Roiger 2017). The consumers do not wish their private information to be revealed by the organizations and therefore they try to share only the general information as much as possible. Therefore, the process of data mining is vital as it this technique has the ability to segregate the private information f rom the general one and then the companies can store the personal information in their core database so that these information are not leaked (Agarwal Dhar 2014). There are numerous reasons why the process of data mining is significant. With the advent of time, the benefits of data mining are understood by the organizations. Zaki et al., (2014) describes that with the use of this system, the confidential matters can be erased from the marketing suggestions and then the data permits the role of information sharing. The process of data mining take place in collaboration with the contemporary firm tries to exploit information about the desires that are demanded by the consumers. Data mining have mainly been used for the purpose of national security, and tracking of unscrupulous activities. However, recently the organizations have started using this method as it aids in discovering the products and services that are faulty. Larose (2014) even explains that the process data mining is influential for undertaking any researches and this technique helps the firms in understanding the expectations of the consumers from the organizations so that the com panies can live up to the expectations of the customers and change their strategies to satisfy them. The data mining technique is vital for the purpose of estimating the consumer patterns that will be available in the future and therefore the firms can initiate decisions that are knowledge based (Silverman 2016) . The process of data mining helps in answering the questions that arises in the minds of the companies and thereby rectifying the available issues. Data mining equipments buff up data bases for the hidden patterns and reveal the relevant information that may be overlooked by the researchers while completing their research (Miles et al., 2013). The mechanism of data mining consists of four aspects namely cite the data into the granary system; manage the database, examination of the data and accessibility of the information to the business researchers. Therefore, it can be said that data mining is a vital tool for statistical analysis. Explanation and Identification of Ethical Implication The investigation of the data mining ethics is important before the research starts. The ethical codes that are prepared by the organization regarding the ethical implication is based on the community and the culture that is prevalent in the concerned country. The ethical standards become the beliefs of the society and an idea about what is right and wrong can be determined (Ritchie et al., 2013). The ethical and unethical aspects are then properly understood by the firms with ease. The aspect of culture plays a vital role for the construction of the ethics that can be implemented by the organizations. Ott Longnecker (2015) describes ethics as the set of values that builds the behaviour of the individuals and the firms. One of the most significant ethical responsibilities of a company involves the looking after the sentiments of the customers and rectifying the discrepancies that are discovered in the obtained data. The implementation of ethics creates a strong bonding between the stakeholder and the company. The use of these codes creates a positive impact on the mind of the management if the firm (McKenzie et al., 2016). A harmonic work culture leads to better output from the firm. The ethical codes are created in order to satisfy the anxiety of the consumers regarding the originality of the ethics that are introduced by the management for undertaking decisions and therefore reveal that the organization is concerned about safeguarding the personal information and thereby gaining customer loyalty (Neuman 2016). The organization even concentrates on the fact of analyzing the ethical codes to construct data miner ethics. The implication of ethics leads to the constructions of strategies that have better confidence from the viewpoint of the data miners. The implication of ethics discovers the truthfulness of the data as the availability of any fraudulent information can injure the consumers lifestyle (Salazar et al., 2015). The information that are gathered by the industries are essential to be true and fair and thereby effective decisions can be taken by the management so that effective and comprehensive services can be given out by the firm according to the desires of the consumers (Garner Scott 2013). With respect to the accessibility of the data, it is seen that ethics play a vital role as the word of ethics helps preserving the information about the consumers (Bazeley 2013). The consumers are reluctant about sharing their information to others except the ones they share. The consumers share their information with the faith that their data will not be leaked to others for any fraudulent activities (Lewis 2015). The ethical implication within the firm restricts these activities as it creates an obligation to the employees and the management to safeguard the information of the consumers from being leaked out. Therefore the employees safeguard the information and the information can only used by the researchers and no else can access the central database (Carrington et al., 2014). Therefore the use of ethical implication leads to confidence among the consumers and they gain the assurance to share their original information to the organization, which in turn will give the firms with original results that can be used by the firm to obtain the accurate result for decision making. Conclusion The analysis of the paper reveals that data analysis and data mining is an important tool for the researchers in order to give out the best results that can improve the performance of the firm and can even up lift the life if the consumers. The role of data mining is discussed thereby understanding the need for data mining in modern companies. The next section deals with the ethical implications regarding the gathering, exploiting and storing the data as the use of ethics creates a good relationship among the consumers and the organizations and gains confidence among the consumers that their information is safe thereby influencing them to reveal the correct information that leads to appropriate results from the firms that would help them in decision making. Reference List Agarwal, R., Dhar, V. (2014). EditorialBig data, data science, and analytics: The opportunity and challenge for IS research. Aggarwal, C. C., Reddy, C. K. (Eds.). (2013).Data clustering: algorithms and applications. Chapman and Hall/CRC. Bazeley, P. (2013).Qualitative data analysis: Practical strategies. Sage. Carrington, M. J., Neville, B. A., Whitwell, G. J. (2014). Lost in translation: Exploring the ethical consumer intentionbehavior gap.Journal of Business Research,67(1), 2759-2767. Gandomi, A., Haider, M. (2015). Beyond the hype: Big data concepts, methods, and analytics.International Journal of Information Management,35(2), 137-144. Garner, R., Scott, G. M. (2013).Doing qualitative research: designs, methods, and techniques. Pearson Education. Larose, D. T. (2014).Discovering knowledge in data: an introduction to data mining. John Wiley Sons. Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.Health promotion practice, 1524839915580941. Lin, T. Y., Yao, Y. Y., Zadeh, L. A. (Eds.). (2013).Data mining, rough sets and granular computing(Vol. 95). Physica. McKenzie, J. F., Neiger, B. L., Thackeray, R. (2016).Planning, implementing evaluating health promotion programs: A primer. Pearson. Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., Saldana, J. (2013).Qualitative data analysis. Sage. Neuman, W. L. (2016).Understanding research. Pearson. Ott, R. L., Longnecker, M. T. (2015).An introduction to statistical methods and data analysis. Nelson Education. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2013).Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage. Roiger, R. J. (2017).Data mining: A tutorial-based primer. CRC Press. Salazar, L. F., Crosby, R. A., DiClemente, R. J. (2015).Research methods in health promotion. John Wiley Sons. Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016).Qualitative research. Sage. Zaki, M. J., MeiraJr, W., Meira, W. (2014).Data mining and analysis: fundamental concepts and algorithms. Cambridge University Press.

Lack Of Confidence And Knowledge In Handover With Other Nurses

Question: Prepare a report on Lack of confidence and knowledge in handover with other nurses.Highlights all the points given below: The nature of the practical learning need what did you do? Critical analysis and reflection of your practical learning need what did it consist of? Outcome of the learning need how did the learning relate to your work? Does The Intricacy of The Topic Intimidate You? Tame Your Fear with Unmatched Assignment Help Services from Professional Writers. Answer: INTRODUCTION The role of proper handover and communication in patient safety cannot be denied which has been reported both by research scholars and World Health Organisation (WHO). Recent reviews from different developed countrys suggest handover issues still haunts patient safety costing health care department and common mass both cost and life (Hesselink et al, 2012). The competence, confidence and knowledge of handover differ from person to person which is reflected from uneven pattern of effects of poor handover in a particular region. Handover failure can be attributed to many factors, but the most common factors which lead to failure are poor communication between nurses or professional groups and poor handover practices in between nurses during shift changes. Current real time evidence based studies suggest, a multi-disciplinary approach is required in order to establish an effective handover strategy and continuation of care within different professionals in health care industry (Chabboye r, McMurray and Walis, 2010). An effective handover protocol must encompass information passing to patients, carers to ensure their participation in decision making process. The importance of interpersonal skills and communication in nursing handover is inevitable. These two skills have also been included in nursing curriculum outcome as per NMC code of conduct (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2011). This essay deals with a learning need which I have experienced during my clinical placement in context of handover and lack of knowledge and confidence both. The essay will be written as a first person as a reflective piece of an article. As per PREP guidelines, the essay is divided into three parts. The first part will deal with the practical learning need identified and its importance. The second part deals with its critical analysis. The third part deals with the correlation between identified practical learning need and my work. As per NMC professional code of conduct the reflective essay will keep the name of persons confidential. The scenarios will be discussed in terms of pseudo names. In the present assignment I will be reflecting upon my first handover as a student nurse and loopholes identified as practical learning need. The reflective essay will be written as per Jhons reflective model. The rationale of using this reflective model is it motivates the practioner's to make use of cues from reflection of experience and utilising it for work improvement. The advantage of such a model is provides a platform to revisit your past action and reflect in order to learn from actions compared against established research based evidences. This type of reflective model will help in carrying out a formal assessment of student nurse. CONTEXT DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIENCE During my final year, I was allocated to a clinical placement working in the elderly ward. I was working with my mentor under supervision, thus had to manage everything on my own with full responsibility and accountability for whatever I do. I was assigned to one patient, a 75 year old lady suffering from Alzheimer disease along with mobility difficulties. She was also undergoing treatment for diabetes. That day was overwhelming as I was having some issues constantly visiting the ward managers chamber. I was originally prepared for my shift however when it was time for handover I realised that I was deprived of time with only 15 minutes left of my shift. This led me to rush finishing my tasks for the day including: going through the bed chart, noting down date of birth, date of admission, age and measured viral status. My urgency to finish caused me to make mistakes such as not noting down the medications and interventions currently going on. Realising this mistake made me frustrated with myself. My colleagues helped me in making the handover and the ward head nurse helped in cross checking it to see whether anything has been missed or not. She pin-pointed certain points to be written as far as current symptoms are concerned. Although, the hand over was successful, it didnt go under my full supervision. I felt bad at my inability to handle such situations. Although, the staff consoled me and understood the situation through which I was going through, but this cant be granted at the cost of patient life. FEELINGS /REFLECTION The above incident I found as a practical need although looks common, but the chances of miss-communication and error is high. So I immediately started searching for nursing journals, and articles which suggest how to go for an effective handover.I collected all recent articles from Google database, MedLine, PubMed and CINHAL database. I categorised them as per my need. Post categorisation, I made notes of handover protocols recommended, skills required for handover and how to perform better in pressurised situation. As per the articles and journals, I noted down all those information which I need to share with my colleague who will be taking over charge from me. I also made some notes on exactly what to make her understand in which aspects. Additionally, I feel that I dont have enough confidence with qualified nurses in handovers. I was aware that I prevent myself from asking questions about the patient during the handover. This limits me to extend my knowledge and stop me from providing high quality care and therapeutic relationship towards the patients.Henderson, Cooke, Creedy and Walker (2012) suggest that by questioning practices I will encourage myself to explore evidence around different patient management strategies(O'Connell Penney, 2001). I feel that the management in the hospital is not well organized. I had to face issues while visiting the chamber of the ward manager. This took lot of time. I had no time to prepare the handover (Manias Street, 2000). Although I was prepared for the handover, but ultimately I had no time to prepare the handover. I had to depend on my colleagues. The handover had to be prepared correctly (Sexton et al., 2004). I have to be focussed in my work. The medications and the interventions are the most important part for the recovery of a patient. If there is any kind of mistake in the intervention or medication then entire treatment will go wrong. EVALUATION /INFLUENCING FACTORS But slowly, I realised it is not bad to have a note get prepared prior to handover; at the same time it seemed to be time consuming. In an environment like health care sector being a nurse or a student nurse, I cannot afford much time for this. Also, I was getting heavily used to it which was in real making my progress very slow. So I decided to reduce the note to such points which are of utmost importance. According to the research, note taking during a verbal handover significantly improved the amount of information retained (Bhabra, Mackeith, Monteiro and Pothier, 2007).If the situation occurs where I miss information from the handover; I would go through patient folders and note down the information that I misheard. I took it as a lead, and once gave a handover without any note. I followed patient file as a guide. Although, I was very nervous due to the amount of accountability but it gave me an immense pleasure as well as confidence to go for my next handover without any note pr eparation. Also, my self-consciousness was bit low after that incident, but with such a practice it was improved a lot and my communication skills are also enhanced with my colleagues. No more I felt low in self-esteem, due to my inability. The experience helped me to gain self confidence. I was able to fasten my process of writing the handover (Currie, 2002). This helped me to reduce the time to a considerable extent. It also helped me to gain information about the patient. Taking notes helped me to keep a track of the necessary information about the patient. I could reduce my mistakes to a considerable extent. The patient file provides detailed information about the patient. I could easily add new information about the patient in the hardcover. This helped be perform my job in a better way. ANALYSIS/COULD I HAVE DEALT IT IN A BETTER WAY Nursing handover is defined as oral communication with the person who is taking charge in context of patient health status and interventions. Although, many scholars argue for a written context also, still the most accepted one is the oral communication. As communication is the key to successful caring relationship towards the patient and effective team work(CNO 2012). The central theme of any handover is the patient safety which has been supported constantly by scholars from years. The reflective model proposer Jhon has also defined handover as an aesthetic value added by a nurse by briefing colleague about patient health(Jhon, 2013). In my situation, I was going very theoretically rather I will rate myself as a classroom student. I was trying to remember in a mechanical way, about patient information as if it is in my course curriculum. I felt happy that my colleagues helped me to make that handover successful, at the same time I was feeling very embarrassed. Being a student nurse working at level 6, I was supposed to do it I rather guide others. I was thinking what others will be thinking about me, that I am incapable of handling such a small incident and what I will be doing in pressurized situation. It clearly indicated two things, firstly I was lacking the required knowledge for a successful handover secondly, I was deeply lacking in knowledge. Research suggests, when student nurse are placed in clinical situation they tend to face issues due to lack of practical knowledge and anxiety developed due to self-consciousness(Mellinclavage, 2011). I think this was the major reason of my failure. Research articles indicated observation can help in improving the handover skills(Gordon and Findley, 2011). Whatever knowledge I have accumulated with regard to handover, it was through observing my seniors and staff colleagues. But, currently the SBAR tool is made which has included different skills and requirements to make handover to be effectivefor students or qual ified nurses as this will shape them to be eligible and ready for clinical placement. I was lacking in knowledge of handover which should not have occurred if I would have given proper attention towards my curriculum(Wilson, 2011). Although, research suggest there is a huge gap between theory and practical in context of nursing where students fail to implement theoretical knowledge in a practical situation. I assume this is one of the factors which also led to such an incident. While searching internet database, I found OSSIE guidelines for clinical handover published by Australian Commission for Safety and Quality in healthcare (2010) (Manser and Foster, 2011). It was a wonderful guideline, which has not only explained how a handover process should be, but also has different sections on how handover guidelines developed based upon evidence based studies. I felt bad for not searching for this type of literature during my studies, which I think would have helped me to face such situation as this guideline provides direction on how to enhance handover by following a series of manageable acivities. The strategy I followed has also been proposed by certain scholars and to my surprise, contemporary studies strongly recommend such handover practice. Research suggest written handover can act as helping guide for those nurses and other allied staffs who have been managed service and less knowledge about the settings(Welsh, Flanagan, Ebright, 2010). At the same time, it reduces the time of reporting. With this knowledge, I continued my job and continued handovers in my ward. I was happy, that my approach towards handover in a written format was not odd and research has shown its advantages too. The staff colleagues gave me good support and said they also have faced same issues during their student time. This gave me good amount of self-confidence that I can also attain such expertise only by improving my knowledge and implicating it in my routine practice. LEARNING With regard to personal learning experience, it was a valuable learning experience. As far as pre-registered student nurse is concerned they are not expected to know everything of a clinical situation. I am happy, that I have identified my practical need much ahead of my final placement as a registered nurse. If this incident would have occurred during my professional career, it would have affected me much from professional as well as personal point of view. I was strongly supported by colleagues, mentor and my friends also. This was another factor which helped me in overcoming fear, anxiety and developed my skills. Research shows support of senior staffs enhances the handover skills and only through their support the newly registered nurse can gain knowledge and perform better (Kerr et al, 2011). Another important factor which will help students like me to develop expected nursing skills is effective communication. Communicating with staff nurses with regard to your problems can hel p in solving those problems with ease(Jones and Burgeois, 2010). As I saw, regularly working with other staff nurse and asking doubts slowly reduced my dependency upon notes. Bi-directional communication has also been suggested as a tool for development of nursing skills(Drach and Shilman, 2015). The failure in carrying out a handover resulted in valuable feedback from my team and my staff nurses. Research suggests, when student nurses are given valuable feedback on their work in a positive way, the chances of error reduces. Feedback also helps student nurses to assess their knowledge and skills, improvise upon their loopholes and march towards perfection (Henderson et al, 2012). Similarly, during my handover I was so disturbed I have uttered patient name and age in a loud voice to my staff nurse, which I was not supposed to which breached patient confidentiality. This should have been done by bed side where I would have explained the same issue with much ease without disturbing oth ers. From my experience, I learned to behave in a hospital. I had to speak in a polite tone. The patients suffer from anxiety in a diseased condition. Any kind of loud noise can adversely affect the patients. This physical ailment of the patients can increase. During a diseased condition, the self confidence of the patient is very low(Parsons, Fosbinder, Murray Dwore, 1998). Thus any kind of remark which is not favourable for the patient can further reduce the confidence of the patients. I learnt this from my experience. I learnt that it is not favourable to speak about the details of the patients in front of everyone. This would violate the confidential information about the patient. My experience taught me to manage time effectively. Time management is an important aspect to be learnt by a nurse. I learnt from my experience that the handover contains the most important information about the patients. If I fail to put any kind of the information about the patient especially information about the medication and intervention then it can result in any kind of wrong treatment. I have to be very careful while preparing the handover. I learnt from my experience that a nurse has to be very patient towards the patients and colleagues. Many complexities might arise in the career of nursing. Thus patience is utmost important to overcome the complexities. Another thing which I learnt from my experience is that a nurse should have clear idea about the tasks to be performed. Any kind of doubt can result in wrong treatment. The nurse should not take any decisions based on assumptions. As assumptions can lead to big mistakes. The experience also taught me that a nurse must have a mental inventory of the environment in which she is working. This will help to reduce time as well as provide independence to the nurse in his work. CONCLUSION In over all, this was a great learning experience and important too. Nursing handovers are an important part of nursing and health care industry as it deals with patient safety. To have a good clinical handover skill, one need to understand the importance of handover as well as how handover process should be done. It is not feasible to perform effective handovers by theoretical knowledge. Together with practical knowledge, supports from senior staffs, and from administration of setting a good handover protocol can be developed which will help new comers. REFERENCES Bhabra, G., Mackeith, S., Monteiro, P., Pothier, D. D. (2007).An Experimental Comparison of Handover Methods.Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 89(3), 298300. Chaboyer, W., McMurray, A., Wallis, M. (2010). Bedside nursing handover: a case study.International Journal of Nursing Practice,16(1), 27-34. Currie, J. (2002). Improving the efficiency of patient handover. Emergency Nurse, 10(3), 24-27. doi:10.7748/en2002.06.10.3.24.c1064 Drach Zahavy, A., Shilman, O. (2015). Patients' participation during a nursing handover: the role of handover characteristics and patients' personal traits.Journal of advanced nursing,71(1), 136-147. Gordon, M., Findley, R. (2011). Educational interventions to improve handover in health care: a systematic review.Medical education,45(11), 1081-1089. Henderson, A., Cooke, M., Creedy, D. K., Walker, R. (2012). Nursing students' perceptions of learning in practice environments: A review.Nurse education today,32(3), 299-302. Hesselink, G., Schoonhoven, L., Barach, P., Spijker, A., Gademan, P., Kalkman, C., ... Wollersheim, H. (2012). Improving patient handovers from hospital to primary CareA systematic review.Annals of internal medicine,157(6), 417-428. Johns, C. (2013).Becoming a reflective practitioner. John Wiley Sons. Kerr, D., Lu, S., McKinlay, L., Fuller, C. (2011). Examination of current handover practice: evidence to support changing the ritual.International journal of nursing practice,17(4), 342-350. Levett-Jones, T., Bourgeois, S. (2010).The clinical placement: An essential guide for nursing students. Elsevier Health Sciences. Manias, E., Street, A. (2000). The handover: uncovering the hidden practices of nurses. Intensive And Critical Care Nursing, 16(6), 373-383. doi:10.1054/iccn.2000.1523 Manser, T., Foster, S. (2011). Effective handover communication: an overview of research and improvement efforts.Best practice research Clinical anaesthesiology,25(2), 181-191. Melincavage, S. M. (2011). Student nurses' experiences of anxiety in the clinical setting.Nurse education today,31(8), 785-789. Nursing and Midwifery Council,. (2011). The PREP Handbook. London: Nursing and Midwifery Council. O'Connell, B., Penney, W. (2001). Challenging the handover ritual. Collegian, 8(3), 14-18. doi:10.1016/s1322-7696(08)60017-7 Parsons, R., Fosbinder, D., Murray, B., Dwore, R. (1998). Attributes of Successful Nurse Executives. JONA: The Journal Of Nursing Administration, 28(7/8), 10-13. doi:10.1097/00005110-199807000-00003 Sexton, A., Chan, C., Elliott, M., Stuart, J., Jayasuriya, R., Crookes, P. (2004). Nursing handovers: do we really need them?. Journal Of Nursing Management, 12(1), 37-42. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2004.00415.x Welsh, C. A., Flanagan, M. E., Ebright, P. (2010). Barriers and facilitators to nursing handoffs: Recommendations for redesign.Nursing outlook,58(3), 148-154. Wilson, R. (2011). Improving clinical handover in emergency departments: Ron Wilson reviews findings from an audit of a simplified handover process that can involve patients and their families in discussions about care.Emergency Nurse,19(1), 22-26.

Buddhism Analysis of the Religions Faith and Practices

Introduction According to Karen (187), Buddhism is one of the religions that are most prevalent in the Asian subcontinent. It encompasses various traditions and practices, as well as a system of beliefs that are based on the teachings of its founder. The founder of this religion is Siddhartha Gautama, a prince who forsook the throne to be a spiritual leader.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Buddhism: Analysis of the Religion’s Faith and Practices specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This prince is famously known as the Buddha, which is a Pali or Sanskrit word for â€Å"the awakened one† (Lama 22). This is a man who was born into a community that was peripheral to the Asian continent, both in terms of its culture and geographical location. He lived and taught, according to scholars such as Kasulis (49), in the northeastern part of India. The scholars approximate that he lived and taught between the sixth and fourth centuries BCE. Two main classes of this religion are recognized and practiced both in the Indian subcontinent and other parts of the world. The first is what Wynne (73) refers to as the Theravada, or â€Å"The School of the Elders†, which is common in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia (Lama 31). The second is Mahayana, or â€Å"The Great Vehicle†, which is mostly practiced throughout East Asia. It is made up of several traditions, such as the Pure Land, Zen, and Tiantai among others. Some scholars also recognize Vajrayana, which is mostly found in Tibet and Mongolia regions, as another class of Buddhism. However, others conceptualize it as a sub-branch of Mahayana (Wallace 29). In this paper, the author is going to discuss Buddhism as a religion. Several aspects of the religion will be analyzed to this end. This includes the name of the religion followers, the history and origins of the religion including the founders, the name of the Supreme Being or God, as wel l as the name of the place of worship for followers of this religion. Four major beliefs of Buddhism will also be analyzed, as well as two of the most important rituals or observances. Symbols used in the religion will also be highlighted, including their meaning and why they are used. Finally, the researcher will look at 10 key words found in Buddhism and try to define them as accurately as possible. Name of the Religion’s Followers A person who practices Buddhism is referred to as a Buddhist. It is noted that to be a Buddhist is to go beyond the mere practicing of the rituals and other activities that goes with religion (Kasulis 55). It is embracing, and being guided by, a set of philosophies that define the way of life. Philosophy can be taken as the â€Å"love of wisdom† (Lama 33), and seeing that a Buddhist is always seeking wisdom and enlightenment, Buddhism can then be taken as a philosophy.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if w e can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A Buddhist is a person who aspires to live by the philosophies of the religion as indicated above. Wynne (73) sums up these philosophies into three. The first involves leading a moral life, which means not prioritizing pleasure in this life. The second philosophy is being mindful and aware of one’s thoughts and actions, or karma, and finally, to seek and develop wisdom and understanding (Wynne 73). According to Wallace (30), Buddhism is regarded as the fourth largest religion of the world, following Christianity, Islam and Hinduism. It is estimated that today, 376 million people around the world are Buddhists. This is a major fete considering the humble beginnings of Buddha, the founder of the religion. Origins of Buddhism Like other religions such as Christianity and Islam, the origins of Buddhism can be traced back to a single individual. A discourse on the origins of Buddhism that fails to mention the Bu ddha, or the Enlightened One, can be taken as an incomplete account of the religion. Buddha, as indicated in the introductory part of this paper, was born as a prince. His father was the king of the Sakya tribe in latter day’s Nepal, and Buddha was born circa 566 BC (Karen 190). He left his father’s palace at the age of 29, and went to seek out spiritual enlightenment. He became the Buddha after he was enlightened following a long period of meditation. For almost half a century, Buddha went around the plains of northeastern India teaching people the path or â€Å"Dharma† (Kasulis 56) as it was revealed to him during his enlightenment. He developed a band of followers, known as Sangha, which was made up of monks and nuns who came from all the tribes and castes in India. He died at the age of 80 years, leaving behind his followers to continue the teachings. This is the origin of what is today known as Buddhism. The Name of the Supreme Being Islam has Allah, Christ ians have God, and Hindus have Brahma, but what about Buddhists? According to Wallace (33), it is noted that Buddhists, unlike their counterparts in other religions such as Christianity and Islam, have no recognizable Supreme Being or God that they supplicate to. Buddha, the father of the religion, is not worshipped how Christians worship Christ or Muslims worship Mohammed. In fact, Buddhism scholars acknowledge that Buddha was not a God, and he never made claims to the contrary. He taught his followers on how to identify and follow the path to enlightenment, and this was based on his own experience, as opposed to spiritual revelations (Wynne 55).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Buddhism: Analysis of the Religion’s Faith and Practices specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Buddhists are not known to pay homage to idols or images representing gods. Buddhist respect images of the Buddha, but it should be noted th at it is not in worship or requests for favors (Wynne 55). When a Buddhist bows to a statue of the Buddha, it is not in worship; rather, it is a way of showing their gratitude for the teachings of the enlightened one. Sacred or Holy Texts of the Buddhist There are various scriptures and texts that are to be found in this religion. The different schools identified earlier in this paper attach varying levels of importance to these various scriptures. Most of the texts are written in Pali, Tibetan, Mongolian or Chinese, while others are in the traditional language of Sanskrit (Kasulis 55). There is no single text or scripture that is universal to all Buddhists in the world. Some of the scriptures which are highly revered are the Vinaya Pitaka as well as the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka, which are common to most adherents of this faith (Kasulis 55). Place of Worship for the Buddhist Like their Hindu counterparts, Buddhist worship mainly in a temple. For example, Mahabodhi temp le in Bodhgaya India is built near the Bodhi Tree under which the Buddha acquired Nirvana or enlightenment. The Buddhist also practices pilgrimage as a way of following the path. 4 Major Beliefs of Buddhism Karma This is one of the beliefs of a Buddhist, which is a Sanskrit word for â€Å"action or work† (Lama 31). They believe that karma is the force that propels samsara, or the cycle or suffering and rebirth that attends every being on earth. Rebirth Buddhist believes that beings go through a process involving succession of lifetimes which takes various forms of â€Å"sentient life†, according to Kasulis (55). This is what they refer to as rebirth, where each rebirth process runs through conception to death. Samsara Buddhists also believes that human beings, who falls under the sentient beings classification, seek out pleasure while avoiding pain as they transit from birth to death (Kasulis 43). Samsara refers to the cycle of conditioned existence and suffering that is brought about by the seeking out of pleasure while avoiding pain.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Four Noble Truths They also believe in the four noble truths, which are â€Å"suffering, the arising of suffering, the end of suffering and the way leading to the end of suffering† (Lama 27). Rituals and Observances in Buddhism Yoga This is one of the major rituals and practices in Buddhism. It involves a state of meditation, where the Buddhist tries to attain some level of â€Å"mindful† awareness. Refuge in the Three Jewels This is one of the first steps that a Buddhist is taught in order to be grounded in the faith. The first jewel is the Buddha, who is an individual who has attained nirvana; the second is dharma, or the teachings of the Buddha Gautama, and the Sangha, who are the individuals who have successfully gone through any of the four stages of enlightenment. Symbols of Buddhism One of the symbols in Buddhism is the Dharmachakra wheel, which is a representation of the Noble Eightfold Path (Kasulis 55). The other is the wheel of life, which has six realms (Wynne 77). In traditional Tibetan Buddhism, this is represented in a Thangka. 10 Key Words used in Buddhism and their Definition Karma This is, as earlier explained, action or work Bodhi It is a state of enlightenment Prajna This is the wisdom that purifies that mind (Wynne 100), which helps the practitioner to gain spiritual insight into the true nature of all things in the world Sila This is ethics or morality, avoidance of unwholesome deeds Vac This refers to speaking the truth and in a non-hurtful manner (Wynne 100) Ajivana This is non-harmful way of living Samadhi This is the mental discipline that is needed by a Buddhist to acquire mastery over their mind Smrti This is the ability to see things for what they really are, and with a lucid consciousness Nirvana Enlightenment Anicca Impermanence, meaning that all things are not permanent Works Cited Karen, Armstrong. Buddha. London: Penguin Books, 2004. Kasulis, Titus. Zen as a Social Ethics of Responsiveness. Journal of Buddis t Ethics, 22(3), 2009. Lama, Dalai. The Middle Way. New York: Wisdom Publications, 2009. Wallace, Griffiths. Buddhism in the World Today. New York: Free Press, 2007. Wynne, Alexander. The Origin of Buddhist Meditation. London: Routledge, 2007. This essay on Buddhism: Analysis of the Religion’s Faith and Practices was written and submitted by user Lamar Clarke to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Asteroids essays

Asteroids essays Eros is an asteroid but can be called a minor planet. It orbits the sun that sometimes causes it to closely pass as 14,000,000 miles next to Earth. Scientists believe that Eros comes this close to Earth every 31 years. The last time Eros came close to Earth was back in 1975. Therefore, the next time it will approach Earth will be in 2006. The pathway the asteroid takes can be changed by gravitational pull of other planets. This can change and interfere because of the gravitational pull and how it will approach Earth within the next 15 years. Eros has been described as having a football or potato shape. The radius is 4.3 miles, the length about 21 miles, and about 8 miles wide. Its orbit around the sun lasts about 642 days coming as close as 106,000,000 miles and going as far as 165,000,000 miles away from the sun. Scientists have used Eros as a guide to help determine the Earths average distance to the sun. This was done when Eros was. closest to the Earth. Space craft have landed on Venus, Mars, and the Moon but none have ever landed on a moving rock in space. On February 12, 2001, Scientists maneuvered NEAR Shoemaker unmanned space craft to a soft landing on the potato - shaped asteroid Eros. NEAR ¹s mission had already been complete. NEAR stands for Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous. This particular mission was to orbit Eros for one year but scientists did better than what was expected. They guided the craft by using five engine burners that slowed NEAR to four miles an hour so it could land. NEAR sent signals to Earth with 69 photographs taken at the time of the descent. NEAR solved the mysteries about the Asteroid it took pictures of craters, boulders, and dust. NEAR ¹s camera was on the landing side. The pictures showed few small craters. Some of the larger craters showed they had been filled. Scientists suggested this was caused by shifting dust on Eros ¹ exterior. The asteroid sho ...

WORLDVIEW ASSIGNMENT Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WORLDVIEW - Assignment Example (Clooney, 2010). It is highly associated with the birth, life, death and resurrection of Christ Jesus and those who believe and follow his teachings. Christians are the followers Christ and Christianity is the religion. According to St. Paul, Christianity has a foundation in the body and the soul of Christ Jesus, believed to be the son of God. According St. John, Jesus is the Lamb of God who came down to salvage man from his sin. They also believe that, it is only through Christ that mankind will receive salvation and that Jesus has sat on the right of God. Christianity was mainly a religion of the West but has spread to the rest of the continent and become the main largest religion all over the world. In the New Testament, Christians identify themselves with Jesus Christ as their true savior and the only son of God. According to St. Matthew, Jesus is the lamb of light and He links human beings with God. They believe that, through Christ, man will able to see God. St Peter in his teachings encourages the gentiles to accept and identify themselves Christ Jesus the savior. They believe in forgiveness of sins through Christ. Modern Christians identify themselves with British Israelis, descendants of Israelites who taken to captivity by the army of Assyria. They believe that White Christians are still the God’s chosen race and that Christ is an Israelite from Judah. The meaning of Christianity derived from Christ and his followers the Christians, hence the name Christianity as a religion. The major purpose of the believers is to spread the Gospel to rest the world. They believe in a sacred book called the Bible as a true word of God. The Bible manifests the will and teaching of God to those ordained filled with the Holy Spirit. According to St. Paul, Jesus ordains his followers and gives authority to spread salvation to all. They had total faith in

American Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Civil War - Essay Example These polarized objectives constructed the value system of the two Generals and their respective armies. More so, they shaped the history of America; and gave a blueprint of its future - the American life. On April 9, 1865, when Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, the Civil War came to the edge of end. It was a moment in history when a nation was going to be born sans slavery, sans right of succession, and abiding everything 'freedom' and 'equality' meant in essence. However, the constant collision of ideologies that had preceded this conclusion for about five years of Civil War (1861-65) is an interesting phenomenon to observe. Lee came from Virginia, and family-values, culture, traditions, chivalry, knighthood, were the elements around which his people and his life revolved and evolved. That stratification was a convenient and apt way to construct the social order - he firmly believed in. That 'land' is the primary and only source of wealth and influence - was the motivation behind all his actions. That the privileged who owned the land shoulder responsibility towards the rest of the community as well as possesses the power to monitor the actions and occupations of the community - he upheld it. Slavery and right to succession were corollaries to the beliefs of the 'land lord'. And the belief in 'landed nobility', was the guiding factor for thousands of elite men from the Southern states who plunged into war, willing to die, willing to sacrifice their everything for the cause that Lee believed in. However, the day Lee surrendered at Appomattox, it was the culmination of 'landed nobility' and the cause was lost. (Catton, pp. 17-44) On the other hand, Grant, who came from the Western front, was the son of a tanner. His background signified everything he was, and believed in - in living life the tough way, in self-reliance, in forgoing past, and in focus on future. He turned down the social order based on privileges that ran down the traditions and land-ownership. He stood for democracy, equality, and competition. If privileges meant anything to him - those were the privileges that a man earned by virtue of his competitiveness. However, along with these beliefs, ran a strong sense of nationalism. He believed in living and working in a country where nation supported the individual and individuals supported the nation - prosperity of both being complementary to each other. To Grant and his people (the Westerners), 'community' meant the whole of United States of America as against the Southerners, to whom 'community' meant only their region. This is the striking line that sets apart General Lee and General Grant and their respective people. (Catton, pp. 47-59) Lee and Grant: Two Similar Leaders Though Lee and Grant were as different as two men could ever be, yet the aspiration that ran beneath everything that they did made them strikingly similar to each other - it was the aspiration to lead their people towards a future they believed in. The two leaders were no better fighters than each other - none gave up in the face of adversity. While in spite of his army's and his personal handicaps Grant fought his way down the Mississippi valley, Lee hung on in a trench at Petersburg even when defeat stared him in his face. They both moved with resourcefulness and speed. Due to this, Lee won at Second Manassas and

TPA4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

TPA4 - Assignment Example Despite the new proliferation of business information systems has supported the management core functions and other operations such as customer relationship management, accounting and inventory management, service scheduling and billing, supply chain management, contract management, manufacturing and e-business requirements with sophisticated user friendly customization tools, there is a need for due diligence prior to making decisions on the various computer components. The need for this action is because poor decisions when acquiring a computer system has seen some of them fail, leading to losses to the organization. For instance, around three-quarters of organizations across the Europe had their computer systems fail in 2011 only leading to data loss or system downtime (BBC, 2011). Another example is the loss suffered by the BBC when it was forced to abandon a  £98 digital production system because it was being outpaced by the changing technology (BBC, 2013). As defined by Kroenke and Hooper (2013), a system is an integration of several components that interact to achieve a common goal. Therefore, computer systems used by the businesses have several elements that managers must consider when making decisions to acquire them. These components include the hardware, software, people, data, and instructions/procedures. The hardware is the physical devices of a computer system used to input, process, output, and store data. The software refers to programs stored in the computer system. The instructions are related to the software while people are the system’s users. When an organization has a qualified workforce to run and operate its computer system, it goes ahead and considers other factors as discussed below. Expandability – The hardware should be scalable to meet the increasing needs of the business. This factor is especially important when considering the memory

Philosophy of Education: Herbert Marcuse

Philosophy of Education: Herbert Marcuse Joseph Cunningham Praxis Exiled: Herbert Marcuse and the One Dimensional University,  Journal of Philosophy of Education Vol 47 No 4 2013 Cunninghams exploration of Herbert Marcuse positions him at the centre of the revolutionary student movements of the 1960s. Higher education could at that time be seen as a place which was shielded to some extent from the pacifying tendencies within advanced capitalist labour. Of all the theories which emerged out of the influential Frankfurt School, Marcuses was perhaps the one theory which could more easily beapplied in practice because it narrowed Marxist critique to analyse the extent to which advanced capitalisms influence penetrated inwardly. Cunningham encapsulates this by stating, gendered rhetoric aside, One Dimensional Man, is about you and your life. However, Cunningham argues that it was never Marcuses intention to develop his theory, whilst navel gazing inside an ivory tower. Rather critical theory in education should move students to pierce through the institutional walls and function as actualised praxis, the congruence of theory and action. Cunningham uses Marcuses own words from 1968, By its own inner dynamic, education thus leads beyond the classroom, beyond the university, into the political dimension and in to the moral, instinctual dimension (his italics). An inner revolution is a precursor to outer revolution and dialectical critique is the key to the liberation which will nurture that inner revolution. Marcuse looked beyond labour itself to find the causes of what he thought was creating a one dimensional society: he argued that technology, the media and a converging standardisation of values coupled with an unending stream of must have commodities combine to attack an individuals authenticity. Reason is usurped by technological rationality and our critical senses are dulled, making us, as Marcuse argued, disinterested in or even hostile to dissent. Cunningham carefully traces how the ripe revolutionary potential of the 1960s has come under the control of capital, as Marcuse predicted might be the case. I can see how the growing corporatisation of higher education, of which Marcuse was aware in 1960, has indeed spread tentacles across the sector. The perceived waste of human capital in the liberal arts has been either recycled into more useful courses or disposed of. Cunninghams view is that, as Marcuse predicted, the drive to develop online education can arguably be seen as another route to seal the packaging of educational content as a product for students as consumers, so much so that the consumer and campus culture are indistinguishable. The halcyon days of free education have been replaced by a narrowing of access due to lack of means. Cunninghams conclusion is bleak but understandable: even though critical theory is still taught, it is largely devoid of praxis and often delivered online in digitally standardised curricula. Marcuse would find it empty of the dynamic which he felt it had the potential to bring to student life. Like Marcuse, however, Cunningham sees some evidence of counterculture: citing the Occupy Movement as one candle in the darkness of the pervasive atmosphere which is antithetical to critical thought. Self-exile beckons for those who, like Marcuse before them, seek to step outside to look within with fresh eyes. There are indicators everywhere we look of the dominant capitalist culture which makes us so wrapped up in our daily existence and desire for material goods that we fail to see the possibility of any other existence. Indeed, we are led to crave the same dimension. Marcuses One Dimension flattens our capacity for imagining another kind of existence and suppresses our instinctive desires. Whether it is the subliminal appeal of an advertising jingle or the promise of a higher salary if we put all our energies into STEM, we are persuaded that our present should be used to build our future. However the vision is as narrow as a tunnel. The light at the end is that of unexamined material prosperity: there are few unexpected rays lighting the corners of our imagination to help us to reach out to change our perspective. After all, evidence of a different light source might encourage us to look for another way out. Word count: 663 References Brookfield, S. (2005). The Power of Critical Thinking for Adult Learning and Teaching. Maidenhead: OUP. Graham, A. (n.d.). Liberation Powerpoint Class notes Jan 2017. WIT. Marcuse. (1967). Liberation from the Affluent Society (1967) . Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQLpqno6J_g Accessed 14/12/2106

Gang membership, Drug Selling, and Violence in Neighborhood Context Ess

Smiley is a man who was released back into the society on a parole. He was sent back to live in his neighborhood. Shinichi Suzuki, a famous Japanese violinist who invented Suzuki Method, got the right idea of Smiley’s situation when he said â€Å"Man is a child of his environment†. It means that Smiley is a product of his environment. His neighborhood is a no picnic. The neighborhood is a basically a graveyard of American dreams. Like everyone else in America, Smiley values individualism, achievement, money, and family unity highly. However he is in a hostile society where his rough background is rejected and regarded as a stigma. He does not have education or an escape from his neighborhood where people are under a great strain. The reason for the strain is because American culture sets the bar for gold standards of an ideal lifestyle that in the reality that social structures in some groups cannot follow (Shelden, Brown, Miller, & Fitzler, 2008). According to strain theory, Smiley’s neighbors all want same things but they cannot get them legally so they decide to find illegal loopholes. They go in this state that Robert Merton would call anomie (Shelden, Brown, Miller & Fritzler, 2008). According to him, the state is when â€Å"social structures exert a definite pressure upon certain persons in the society to engage in nonconforming rather than conforming conduct† ( p.78). A gang in Smiley’s neighborhood pressures Smiley into practicing norms that are considered unacceptable legally . Smiley’s gang approves stealing, violence, abuse of drugs, and organized crimes. Smiley had to adapt by conforming to the gang’s values, follow ritualism like wearing certain colors and speaking gang jargon, and view the world as us ( gang) against them.... ..., T. (2009). Gang membership, drug selling, and violence in neighborhood context. Justice Quarterly, 26(4), 645-669. Opsal, T. (2009). Women on parole: Understanding the impact of surveillance. Women & Criminal Justice, 19(4), 306-328. Shelden, R.G., Brown, W.B., Miller, K.S., & Fritzler, R.B. (2008). Crime and criminal justice in american society. Long Grove, Illinosis: Waveland Press, INC. Stickels, J. (2007). The game of probation. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 22(1), 33-43. Wilkinson, D.L. (2007). Local Social Ties and Willingness to Intervene: Textured Views Among Violent Urban Youth of Neighborhood Social Control Dynamics and Situations. Justice Quarterly : JQ, 24(2), 185-220. (Document ID: 1295281001). http://ezproxy.rit.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.rit.edu/pqdweb?did=1295281001&Fmt=7&clientId=3589&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Importance of Statistics in Educational Management Essay

To accomplish set goals in an organisation, the school manager or administrator must plan, implement such plans and evaluate success. To do so, the use of statistical data is crucial. In this paper the writer is going to discuss the importance of statistics in her area of study which is Educational Management. According to Kendrick (1997:1) statistics are, â€Å"numbers that help us find patterns in data, such as averages and medians.† Thus statistics looks at how to collect, organise, analyze and interpret numerical information from data. Aczel and Sounderpandian (2002:15) say, â€Å"results from a good statistical analysis are always concise, often precise and useful.† In that light the collection, analysis and storage of statistical data on the educational system become very important to the school manager for the following reasons. The school managers have a responsibility to plan ahead for the system and to do so it calls for him or her to be in the possession of some past and present data. For a manager to plan adequately for the future he or she needs the data on what the past was and what the present is like. Also, for the day to day decision making, the educational managers need data to guide their decisions. For instance, to make purchases for textbooks or furniture the school manager uses data on class sizes and the age of students so as to arrive at the quantities to be purchased. Moreover, data collection, analysis and storage are very important to the school managers in the assessment of the growth and progress of the educational system (Hardy and Bryman, 2009). Data on enrolment, class size and number of teachers will enable a school manager to establish if the school is growing or reducing in size. Also data on enrolment will enable a school manager to see the level of competition around his/her institution. Decrease in enrolment figures may signal stiff competition from a nearby school. Educational data are very vital tools for planning. Kendrick (2000:2) says, â€Å"the better we understand statistics, the better we will be at assessing what is going on in the world around us.† The data on yearly performance of students in the external examinations such as Grade Seven National Exams and Ordinary Level National Exams will show if the school is progressing or not academically. Further,  statistical data collection enables the school manager to identify areas of staff training and retraining needs. For example the data on student’s performance in Mathematics may point to a need to retrain the Mathematics teacher. If such teacher is an NCE holder it may be a pointer for a need to recommend him for in-service training for a degree in Mathematics. In addition, statistical data collection is important in the educational system because it aids accountability in the system (Kendrick, 2000). Periodically, inspectors from the Ministry of Education as well as auditors do visit the schools to monitor how the managers are utilizing the human and material resources. They call for data on these from the school head teacher. The head teacher may also be requested to give such account to Parents Teachers Association or Schools Board of Governors. Another importance of data collection, analysis and storage in the educational system is that it aids projection of resource requirement. This assertion is in line with Levin and Rubin (1998:8) when they say, â€Å"Data can assist decision makers in educated guesses †¦ in given situations.† For the school manager to project the amount of fund that would be needed for the next session there is a need to have data on quantities of stationery needed by both learners and teachers, the number of ancillary staff paid from the school coffers and (3)other running costs. The collection of statistics is important in educational management as highlighted above as it enables one as a school manager to perform duties with precision using calculated guesses. It also aids a school manager to work effectively and efficiently to meet set goals. REFERENCES Durosaro, D.O. (2004) Statistical needs for educational management, Ibadan, Regina sons Book Publishers Kendrick J.R. (1997) Social Statistics: An Introduction using SPSS for Windows, Boston, McGraw-Hill. Levin, R.I. and Rubin, D.S. (1998) Statistics for Management. USA, Prentice-Hall International. Lockhart, R.S. (1998) Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences, New York, W H. Freeman & Company.

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sdfasdf Paul Kim Ms. C Ms. BEnglish Period 4Equality and Discrimination is shown in many different ways in the world today. Equality is the quality state of being equal or state of having the same rights, social status, etc. Discrimination is the practice of unfairly treating a person or a group of people differently from other people or groups of people.Lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender people also known as LGBT people don't have all the equal rights and opportunities as other people in society. Many LGBT people go through discrimination in employment, housing and in public places. They are deprived their freedom of expression and privacy. People that are Lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender are discriminated against and they fight with inequality and discrimination every day.Many lesbians, gays, and transgender people are treated unfairly. Most states in the US do not support the marriage or gays or lesbians and have laws that prevent gay marriage.English: The Human Rights Campaign h eadquarters lo...A police chief that was openly gay was recently fired according to the article written by the Human Rights Campaign. Chief Crystal Moore was fired by Mayor Bullard and many believe the reason she was fired was because she was openly gay. She served the people of Latta, SC for over 20 years and she is being fired because she is gay. This is clearly very racist and violates human rights.There are 17 states that allow Same-sex marriage and 33 states that prohibit gay marriage. According to the Targeted News Service (TNS) Louisiana repealed "Crime Against Nature" laws. "Crime against Nature" laws states that adults engaged in oral or anal sex will be fined and be put in prison. This law basically means that it will not tolerate gays or lesbians. These laws create inequalities and also promotes discrimination against...

Ismenes Monologue From Antigone

Ismene's Monologue From Antigone This dramatic female monologue is a selection from Act One of Antigone by Sophocles. About Ismene as a Character Ismene is a fascinating character. In this dramatic  monologue, she conveys grief and shame as she reflects upon her father Oedipus’ sad history. She also warns that Antigone’s fate and her own might be worse if they disobey the laws of the land. She is at once melancholy, fearful, and diplomatic. Context of the Monologue Within the Play The brothers of Ismene and Antigone battle for control of Thebes. Both perish. One brother is buried as a hero. The other brother is deemed a traitor to his people. When the corpse of Antigone’s brother is left to rot out on the battlefield, Antigone is determined to set things right, even if it means defying the laws of King Creon. Her sister Ismene is not as headstrong. She is sad for the death and dishonor of her brother. However, she does not want to risk her life by upsetting the â€Å"powers that be.† Ismenes Monologue Bethink thee, sister, of our fathers fate,Abhorred, dishonored, self-convinced of sin,Blinded, himself his executioner.Think of his mother-wife (ill sorted names)Done by a noose herself had twined to deathAnd last, our hapless brethren in one day,Both in a mutual destiny involved,Self-slaughtered, both the slayer and the slain.Bethink thee, sister, we are left alone;Shall we not perish wretchedest of all,If in defiance of the law we crossA monarchs will?- weak women, think of that,Not framed by nature to contend with men.Remember this too that the stronger rules;We must obey his orders, these or worse.Therefore I plead compulsion and entreatThe dead to pardon. I perforce obeyThe powers that be. Tis foolishness, I ween,To overstep in aught the golden mean.

Generally accepted accounting principles relating to health care Essay

Generally accepted accounting principles relating to health care - Essay Example The standards relating to GAAP have been recognized to be executed by different organizations while compiling their respective financial reports. In general, GAAP is a broadly used accounting procedure of reporting and recording financial information. The accounting standards that have been outlined within the GAAP are â€Å"generally accepted† by the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB). The mission of GASB is to build and develop the financial reporting standards at the level of local governments and state units (Taylor, 2008). Purpose of GAAP The main purpose of GAAP is to represent the financial report that can significantly reflect the financial position of a particular organization. GAAP provides effective support to the organizations in terms of enhancing their capability within the framework of long-term financial decision making process that eventually enables the organizations to accomplish their predetermined financial objectives. Moreover, the other imper ative purpose of GAAP is to enhance the performance of the business organizations through properly maintaining their financial records (Office of Financial Management, 2012). From the perspective of healthcare industry, GAAP performs a major role through delivering transparent financial statements that encompasse all the financial activities of the healthcare organizations. An effective practice of GAAP tends to facilitate the modern healthcare firms and forecast their future financial performance. Proper implementation of GAAP in the financial reporting process can enable an organization to attain competitive position within the growing healthcare industry (Office of Financial Management, 2012). Oversight of Use of GAAP The different standards or the accounting principles belonging to GAAP can be considered as the set of guiding principles that provide effectual accounting solutions for any organization while preparing financial statements. In order to gain a superior oversight reg arding the use of GAAP, it has been identified that the accounting principles concerning GAAP tends to comply with traditional and rule-based methods in representing the financial statements of various organizations. With regard to asset valuation process, GAAP tends to follow historical cost of the assets rather than focusing on fair value of the assets that depicts fair treatment of the items in the financial statements (Rascona, 2011). Description of Each Principle and the Intention behind the Principles of GAAP GAAP mainly contains five types of principles that ensures towards establishing a well-structured financial report which determines the financial stability of a specific organization. The various principles of GAAP relating to healthcare organizations have been discussed hereunder. Going Concern Principle The principle of going concern represents the fact that the healthcare organizations will tend to operate their respective business functions in such way so that they ca n prepare a balanced and well-structured financial statement. Identifying any types of uncertainties in the business processes it has to be noted that going concern needs to be updated in financial reports through rationalizing different standards or the accounting principles belonging to GAAP (Financial Reporting Council, 2009). Matching Principle The matching principle of GAAP defines as a process of recording each item of expense in relation to revenue that must be recorded in

Investing in Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Investing in Energy - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that one reason for the oil foreign policy being different from the conventional Prisoner’s Dilemma game is that we are dealing with exchanges in the world’s political economy. One of the most common and fundamental interests of a multi-national corporation is the land rights on which oil can be produced and manufactured. Most of the oil consumed in the world today has moved from one country to another. It is, by far, the largest single commodity in international trade. This is why it is important. The Red Line Agreement of July 31, 1928, is an example in the history of oil co-operation, in which the United States did not get what it wanted in negotiations. Negotiations for the agreement began with the US and Great Britain squaring off for access to oil in the region that is now Iraq. At the end of World War I, the San Remo agreement awarded Britain mandate over Iraq, but the Americans opposed this. They claimed that since the war was won by the Allies collectively, oil exploration rights in the Iraq region should be shared. However, the British refused. Facing this impasse, the seven American oil companies decided to pursue their oil interests by official means through the Turkish Petroleum Company (TPC, later known as the Petroleum Company). Thus, negotiations with the TPC began in 1922, with the Americans actively pursuing the open-door policy. Essentially, it was in their interest to be assured that they had access to the oil regardless of the new developments that took place in oil production, in the Mesopotamian region. This was a critical time for the Germans and French since the US was making the transition from being one of the major providers of oil to one of the largest importers. One of the biggest problems for the American group and their pursuit of the open door policy is what is referred to as the â€Å"self-denying clause.† In the Foreign Office Agreement of 1914, the â€Å"self-d enying clause† prohibits owners of TPC from handling the production or manufacturing of crude oil other than through the TPC.

Knowledge management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Knowledge management - Essay Example Conversely, knowledge management views knowledge as a tacit concept that is resident in individuals and organizations. Information management seeks to enhance internal processes and ensure the quality of business operations whilst knowledge management seeks to facilitate knowledge-rich relations and support ongoing innovation and development. Most Information Management Systems are based on business processes that are clearly defined, relatively stable and involve similar objects such as applications, invoices, and orders. Examples of such business processes include production processes, logistics, and administration. On the other hand, knowledge management systems are dynamic and difficult to predict because different times and situations need different knowledge. The people involved in knowledge management do not need information. Rather, they look for background information, argumentations, conclusions, methods, opinions, analyses and best practices. Knowledge management strategy is primarily the domain of human resource director and its significance to the director explains this. The strategy helps formalize, store, share, distribute, and coordinate an organization’s knowledge assets all of which are functions that touch on the work of the human resource director. The director is able to modify the culture of an organization in such a way that the organization’s values and norms seamlessly connect with the knowledge management strategy. Human resource director is able to promote a climate of trust and commitment in an organization in order to make it easy to manage knowledge. This director has the capacity to organize an organization’s employees in to networks, teams, and communities of practice in order to enhance sharing of knowledge. The strategy also helps human resource director to influence an organization to adopt policies that encourage the hiring and

Society originates Essay Example for Free

Society originates Essay Kallipolis now has three classes, the producers, the Guardians and the Philosopher-Kings and each member will perform that function, and only that function, for which he is destined by nature30. To distinguish between these classes and discover to which class each person belongs Plato brings in education and also his theory of a tripartite soul. Through this education process which is a concern of the state31 , all people reach their full potential and thereby acknowledge their social position. To understand the nature of the philosopher kings we examine Platos theory of the soul. There are three types of desire in the tripartite soul which correspond to the three parts of the state32; appetitive desires (base ones for things such as food, money and sex), spirited desires (for honour, victory and reputation) and rational desires (for knowledge and truth). In each person one of the three desires rules, thereby determining their class and values. Uneducated people are ruled by their appetites and although they can be trained through physical education and a mix of reading, writing, dance and song33 they will only have acquired a level of virtue to act prudently34. This is the producer classes. For these money is the best way of satisfying their desires. Further education leaves people ruled by their spirited desires35; this is the Guardian class that want honour. They are more virtuous than the producers but not as virtuous as the philosopher kings. Those that make it right through the education system are the philosopher kings who are bound by rational desires of the soul. They are fully virtuous and knowledgeable36 and C. Reeve argues that the education process will make them distribute the benefits of this knowledge among the citizens whilst ruling. There are other proposals for the production of citizens of the right sort including restriction of the arts, the institution of mating festivals and private property is to be abolished37 (for the two higher classes so they can focus solely on their function as rulers). Plato states the philosophers are above any corruption due to their education and training which makes them designed solely to govern and it means they possess knowledge and understanding no one else in the city does. They will not be corrupted by ruling because they recognise that others, lacking their knowledge, would do a worse job than themselves. It is a duty they must perform, to spend the rest of their time doing what they really want to do philosophical research. Plato also sets down strict guidelines for the guardians way of life, especially the absence of family life and private property which he considers the greatest temptation in public life. Plato has two ways to further explain this division of class to the reader and the people within the state. The first is the allegory of the Cave. To understand this we have to understand the forms of the good38. Kraut defines them as eternal, changeless, imperceptible and bodiless objects a pre-eminent good39 which will improve our lives we if understand and love them. Those that discover these forms, the philosophers, will attain complete happiness and will have a duty to relate these forms back to society. All mankind is situated within the cave and are all initially chained to the wall, seeing shadows of the forms which they believe are the real things. Those that break free, the philosophers, are free from illusion40 and see not only the form of the good. They are able to exit the cave and see this light and have a duty to bring it back to society. The other story is the myth of the metals41, often known as the noble lie42. The tale goes that when each person was fashioned by the gods a metal was added to each person which qualifies their social class. Those with gold in them are rulers, silver in the auxiliaries and iron and bronze in the producers. Within each class however children can be born with a higher/lower metal in their souls than their parents. When this happens they are to be promoted/demoted to their proper class43. This myth was propagated to serve to increase their (civilians) loyalty to the state and to each other44 and to persuade people to accept their social class as their destiny and therefore not to challenge it. The Economic classes should therefore take this rule without demur as the relationship of classes, like everything else in the state is perfect45. It promotes the fact that there are natural differences between human beings46 and that through education these metals can be ascertained and streamlined. However as a Christian I do not believe Platos view, that the philosopher king should rule, is correct. There are several reasons for this. The first is education does not necessarily make anyone more virtuous than others. The Bible states that all have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God47 and this is shown in practise today by the fact that the educated rulers can be corrupt, unfaithful to their wives and motivated by money/involved in bribery. Since the Bible tells us that we all are selfish by nature, and education cannot remove this, we should not expect the rulers to solely put the needs of others above their own desires for power, wealth, property and status, however noble that may be. The taking away of the family from the philosopher class would also in my opinion make him a worse ruler, less in touch with society and less developed as a character. Also from a secular viewpoint it is not right to put only educated rulers from one strata of society in power when those from a less education background could be more in touch with society and its needs. Also the prospect of a state education system selecting the leaders of the city is a matter of concern as the relevant knowledge which Plato advocates is purely a matter of opinion and therefore may be biased. Also these rational desires, that the philosopher king is supposed to have, are not I believe the monopoly of the educated. They can be found at all levels of society. Also Plato denies personal advancement in his city, especially once a person has been graded. In reality however once people have met their basic needs there is a desire for more. Also it is not natural for people to forgo private property even if they are a ruler. Therefore I would conclude that Platos view, that the philosopher kings should rule, is incorrect and unrealistic in terms of any real society and its values.2,045 words. Bibliography TEXT USED Plato, The Republic, Penguin Classics 2nd edition 1987 OTHER WORKS David Reece, Plato in Political Thinkers, pp 54-72 Edward Andrew, Equality of opportunity as the noble lie History of Political Thought X, 4 (1989), pp 577-596 Rex Martin, The ideal state in Platos Republic History of Political Thought II,1 (1981) P1-30 Richard Kraut, The defence of justice in Platos Republic The Cambridge Companion to Plato, Cambridge 1992, pp311-337 Christopher Rowe, Plato: the search for an ideal form of state Plato to Nato (1990), BBC books. Timothy Shiell, The Unity of Platos Political Thought History of Political Though XII,3 (1991) pp377-390 1 Plato, The Republic, P 56 Quote of a sub title 2 Rex Martin, The Ideal State in Platos Republic P1 3 Plato The Republic P56, Quote from Editor, Desmond Lee 4 Ibid P58 5 Ibid P59 6 Ibid P60 7 Ibid P60 8 Ibid P61 9 Ibid P61 10 Ibid P61 11 Ibid P61 12 IbidP62 13 Ibid P62 14 Plato The Republic P62 15 Ibid P63 16 Ibid P63 17 Rex, Martin The Ideal State In Platos Republic, P2 18 Plato, The Republic P63 19 Ibid P64 20 Ibid P64 21 Plato, The Republic, P65. 22 Ibid P66 23 Ibid P67 24 Ibid P66 25 Ibid P68 26 Ibid P121 27 Ibid P121 28 Christopher Rowe, From Plato to Nato P23 29 Plato, The Republic P119 30 Christopher Rowe, From Plato to Nato P23 31 Ibid P70 32 Christopher Rowe, From Plato to Nato P23 33 C. D Reeve in Political Thinkers An overview of the Republic 34 C. D Reeve in Political Thinkers An overview of the Republic P3 of article 35 Ibid P3 36 C. D Reeve in Political Thinkers An overview of the Republic 37 Christopher Rowe, From Plato to Nato P24 38 Plato, The Republic, P239. 39 Richard Kraut, The defence of justice in the Republic, The Cambridge companion to Plato 40 C. D Reeve in Political Thinkers An overview of the Republic 41 Plato, The Republic, P213 42 Edward Andrew, Equality of Opportunity as the Noble Lie P 577 43 R. Martin, The Ideal State In Platos Republic P10 44 Plato, The Republic P123 45 R. Martin, The Ideal State in Platos Republic P 9 46 Edward Andrew, Equality of Opportunity as the Noble Lie P1 47 Bible, NIV Romans 3 v 23 GV100 Introduction to Political Theory, Essay No 1 Name: Sarah Pickwick Class: 7 Teacher: Mr J Olsson.

Queering privilege :: Essays Papers

Queering privilege In any groups’ struggle against injustice, a glint of jealousy and bitterness seems to accompany thoughts of the oppressor and those positioned in places of privileged within structures of domination. Generally it is acknowledged that there are no simple scapegoats upon whom to unequivocally level blame for all the world’s maladies, tempting as finding and accosting such a character is. Despite the growing willingness to let go of old myths of directly responsible villains, there remains a not unrelated urge still to describe and intellectually master (exert power over by gaining knowledge of) those who inhabit structural locations of privilege. Taking the case of Patricia Hill Collins’ black feminism, a rather nuanced understanding of such characters is developed to better know their place. However, the accounts of this sort of simplistic anti-domination critique ultimately replicates, in its theorizing, the assimilationist incompleteness of the modes of tho ught it initially rejects. For people to be ‘structurally positioned’ in ‘relatively privileged ways’ means that they routinely receive benefits and escape discomforts as compared to trends in other people. Usually these trends about what is ‘routine’ and how ‘other people’ live rely on some creation of a category of â€Å"normal† from which others are understood as departures. A first issue is to determine what a benefit or discomfort would be. By discomfort, of course, I mean to sarcastically understate the range from daily and ‘accidental’ inconveniences to very intentional brutality that makes up a common experience of grinding oppression that structurally condemns folks as individuals and groups. Similarly, benefits span a sizeable range in their particularity, but compose an overarching preponderance of niceties. However, who gets to decide what is oppressive or beneficent might be the effected person, someone higher up, or impe rsonal criteria, but this is a question for ethics one is tempted to bracket. Some groups, it then seems, are in better places, but who are â€Å"they†? If black women can be defined as a group by first noticing the trends that particular people encounter, such as often being suspected of shoplifting, and then correlating these patterns with their constructed identity (the combination of categories â€Å"black† and â€Å"woman†) (Collins 25-26), then perhaps groups with structural privilege can be understood similarly. The categories of, say, â€Å"man† and â€Å"white† do seem to line up with systematic privileges. In Patricia Hill Collins’ black feminism, both the criticisms and alternative methodologies offer some insights into the nature of a position of privilege and what it means to inhabit it.

Walter Lees Dreams in A Raisin in The Sun Essay -- Lorraine Hansberry

Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun is a play about segregation, triumph, and coping with personal tragedy. Set in Southside Chicago, A Raisin in the Sun focuses on the individual dreams of the Younger family and their personal achievement. The Younger's are an African American family besieged by poverty, personal desires, and the ultimate struggle against the hateful ugliness of racism. Lena Younger, Mama, is the protagonist of the story and the eldest Younger. She dreams of many freedoms, freedom to garden, freedom to raise a societal-viewed equal family, and freedom to live liberated of segregation. Next in succession is Beneatha Younger, Mama's daughter, assimilationist, and one who dreams of aiding people by breaking down barriers to become an African American female doctor. Lastly, is Walter Lee Younger, son of Mama and husband of Ruth. Walter dreams of economic prosperity and desires to become a flourishing businessman. Over the course of Walter's life many things contrib uted to his desire to become a businessman. First and foremost, Walter's father had a philosophy that no man should have to do labor for another man. Being that Walter Lee was a chauffeur, Big Walter?s philosophy is completely contradicted. Also, in Walter?s past, he had the opportunity to go into the Laundromat business which he chose against. In the long run, he saw this choice was fiscally irresponsible this choice was. In Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun, Walter Lee's dreams, which are his sole focus, lead to impaired judgement and a means to mend his shattered life. Initially, Walter?s sole focus on his dreams lead to impaired judgment. One way Walter portrays his impaired judgment is when he makes assorted empty promises. In the Yo... ...se. Still Walter will face many more roadblocks, but perhaps his shattered life may begin to repair itself, even without financial security. Evidently, Walter Lee?s judgment becomes significantly impaired and all because of his dreams. In the world today, people still struggle with the same problems and desire the same things Walter does. Success is a seemingly huge necessity. In the course of ones life, each person is destined to face personal conflicts and contradictions. These problems, with the ability to overcome them is truly how to achieve greatness. As Mr. Langston Hughes questions so powerfully in his poem, ?What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun With the help of Walter Lee Younger, the answer becomes evident. Dreams never dry up? they just change. Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. New York: Signet, 2008.